
“Big Data will earn its place as the next ‘must have’ competency in 2012″ - IDC
We’ve posted about the most sought-after tech skills recently but the stunning velocity of the enterprise Cloud market warranted a solo spotlight. Consider these immediate job projections for the New York market alone:
“Cloud computing, which remotely delivers services from “the cloud” via a network to servers, desktops, tablets, phones and laptops, will generate more than 60,000 jobs in New York in 2012, and will account for 17 percent of job growth in the city’s technology sector, according to a March report by the International Data Corporation (IDC). Thanks to the heavy concentration of jobs in industries such as banking, communications, securities and professional services, New York City will be the largest beneficiary of cloud computing” – thirteen.org
Not in New York? Not to worry! Opportunity abounds; nearly 1.2 million new jobs will be created in the United States and Canada, according to the study. And the outlook is equally bright (and borderless) in GigaOm‘s latest Cloud Computing Market Forecast:
“During the period from 2011 through 2014, the worldwide cloud market is estimated to grow 126.5 percent, driven by 119 percent growth in SaaS and 122 percent growth in IaaS.”
Why so many new jobs? Investment in Cloud-computing technologies alleviates the IT burden of updating systems and outdated hardware, thus allowing them to shift their focus to innovation and job creation.
Our consulting division, Questcon Technologies, provides on-site expertise to facilitate the secure, seamless migration of data to the Cloud. We asked CTO Tim Connolly to list the areas of expertise that he considers essential for any technology pro seeking a career in Cloud computing:
1. Know the various cloud implementations (Public, Community, Hybrid, Private), and the pros and cons of each.
Wiki cheat sheet: Public cloud applications, storage, and other resources are made available to the general public by a service provider. These services are free or offered on a pay-per-use model. Generally, public cloud service providers like Microsoft and Google own and operate the infrastructure and offer access only via Internet (direct connectivity is not offered).
Community cloud shares infrastructure between several organizations from a specific community with common concerns (security, compliance, jurisdiction, etc.), whether managed internally or by a third-party and hosted internally or externally. The costs are spread over fewer users than a public cloud (but more than a private cloud), so only some of the cost savings potential of cloud computing are realized.
Hybrid cloud is a composition of two or more clouds (private, community or public) that remain unique entities but are bound together, offering the benefits of multiple deployment models.
By utilizing “hybrid cloud” architecture, companies and individuals are able to obtain degrees of fault tolerance combined with locally immediate usability without dependency on internet connectivity. Hybrid Cloud architecture requires both on-premises resources and off-site (remote) server based cloud infrastructure.
Hybrid clouds lack the flexibility, security and certainty of in-house applications. Hybrid cloud provides the flexibility of in house applications with the fault tolerance and scalability of cloud based services.
Private cloud is cloud infrastructure operated solely for a single organization, whether managed internally or by a third-party and hosted internally or externally. They have attracted criticism because users “still have to buy, build, and manage them” and thus do not benefit from less hands-on management,[35] essentially “[lacking] the economic model that makes cloud computing such an intriguing concept”.
2. Understand the intricate nature of Cloud Security and Privacy.
Wiki cheat sheet: Every enterprise will have its own identity management system to control access to information and computing resources. Cloud providers either integrate the customer’s identity management system into their own infrastructure, using federation or SSO technology, or provide an identity management solution of their own.
Physical and personnel security: Providers ensure that physical machines are adequately secure and that access to these machines as well as all relevant customer data is not only restricted but that access is documented.
Availability: Cloud providers assure customers that they will have regular and predictable access to their data and applications.
Application security: Cloud providers ensure that applications available as a service via the cloud are secure by implementing testing and acceptance procedures for outsourced or packaged application code. It also requires application security measures be in place in the production environment.
Privacy: Finally, providers ensure that all critical data (credit card numbers, for example) are masked and that only authorized users have access to data in its entirety. Moreover, digital identities and credentials must be protected as should any data that the provider collects or produces about customer activity in the cloud.
In addition, providers and customers must consider legal issues, such as Contracts and E-Discovery, and the related laws, which may vary by country (http://www.cloudsecurityalliance.org/guidance/csaguide.v3.0.pdf ).
3. Understand the differences among the various Cloud Service Models: Infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), and software as a service (SaaS).
Wiki Cheat Sheet:
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): In this most basic cloud service model, cloud providers offer computers – as physical or more often as virtual machines –, raw (block) storage, firewalls, load balancers, and networks. IaaS providers supply these resources on demand from their large pools installed in data centers. Local area networks including IP addresses are part of the offer. For the wide area connectivity, the Internet can be used or – in carrier clouds – dedicated virtual private networks can be configured. To deploy their applications, cloud users then install operating system images on the machines as well as their application software. In this model, it is the cloud user who is responsible for patching and maintaining the operating systems and application software. Cloud providers typically bill IaaS services on a utility computing basis, that is, cost will reflect the amount of resources allocated and consumed.
Platform as a Service (PaaS): In the PaaS model, cloud providers deliver a computing platform and/or solution stack typically including operating system, programming language execution environment, database, and web server. Application developers can develop and run their software solutions on a cloud platform without the cost and complexity of buying and managing the underlying hardware and software layers. With some PaaS offers, the underlying compute and storage resources scale automatically to match application demand such that the cloud user does not have to allocate resources manually.
Software as a Service (SaaS): In this model, cloud providers install and operate application software in the cloud and cloud users access the software from cloud clients. The cloud users do not manage the cloud infrastructure and platform on which the application is running. This eliminates the need to install and run the application on the cloud user’s own computers simplifying maintenance and support. What makes a cloud application different from other applications is its elasticity. This can be achieved by cloning tasks onto multiple virtual machines at run-time to meet the changing work demand. Load balancers distribute the work over the set of virtual machines. This process is transparent to the cloud user who sees only a single access point. To accommodate a large number of cloud users, cloud applications can be multitenant, that is, any machine serves more than one cloud user organization. It is common to refer to special types of cloud based application software with a similar naming convention: desktop as a service, business process as a service, Test Environment as a Service, communication as a service.
For information about current or upcoming opportunities in Cloud services, visit the Questcon careers page or contact Andrew Sokol at Andrew_Sokol@howardsystems.com